Report by : Gan Yung Chyan
/ KUCINTA SETIA
Distributed to All Press & Travel Professionals
The terminal building of Beijing Daxing International Airport is a radial hexagonal star, which can provide the maximum number of close-up positions, so that it takes no more than 8 minutes for passengers to walk to any gate. The roof of the terminal building is an irregular free-form surface, which is extremely difficult to implement and requires the design of a special seismic structure. In addition, in order to protect the fragile ecology around Beijing, the environmental design of the new airport is also ingenious.
Recently, the name of Beijing New Airport, which has been planned for more than three years, was named as “Beijing Daxing International Airport” or simply Daxing. It can be said that this airport has attracted great attention since its construction. After its completion, the world’s largest airport terminal can accommodate 45 million passengers per year, and instantly increase the capacity of civil aviation passengers in Beijing by 50%. There will no longer be serious air traffic congestion in this airport.
In addition, the airport has reserved a passenger throughput of 130 million passengers by 2050, far more than the current Capital International Airport, which can be called a real "100-year plan". Let's take a look at the special features of this airport.
The terminal of the new airport is a radial hexagonal star. One of the angles is the passage outside the airport known as finger pier. The other five finger piers are in the terminal. The 82 gates are arranged along each side of the finger pier.
This style looks arrogant, but it is not flashy. It maximizes the perimeter of the terminal and provides the maximum number of close-ups to optimize airport operations. It takes no more than 8 minutes for passengers to walk from the center of the terminal to any of the gates.
In terms of the configuration of the runway of the aircraft, a total of four runways were constructed at the beginning of the new airport, and the three-vertical and one-horizon "omnidirectional" configuration was adopted, which is the first time in China.
This configuration is suitable for the air operation characteristics of Beijing and Tianjin, providing a variety of feasible solutions for air traffic control, maximizing the use of tight airspace resources in Beijing and reducing aircraft ground taxiing time. It is opposite to the existing capital international airport, and it is far away from each other, which can minimize mutual interference and achieve airspace optimization.
More than just the layout of the aircraft, Daxing will also be integrated into a multi-vehicle transfer hub, including roads, high-speed rail, public transport, and a fast subway with a speed of up to 120 kilometres.
A passenger landing at Daxing can reach the centre of Beijing in less than half an hour and reach any city in the south-central part of Hebei Province within 2 hours. It can be said that Daxing has perfect facilities on an intelligent layout to become a transportation hub serving Hebei Province.
Daxing has a joint parking building consisting of eight separate parking buildings, which realizes multiple entrances and multiple exits of the parking building, ensuring that the vehicles can quickly enter and exit the parking building. At the same time, the layout of the traffic lanes can realize the usage probability of each parking space of the parking building equally.
In the parking building, passengers have a special sidewalk from the elevator to each parking space. In the parking building, the sidewalk is completely separated from the lane, and there is no crossover and mutual interference.
Built of steel frame trusses with extremely high difficulty, Beijing Daxing International Airport has specially designed earthquake-resistant structures.
New and powerful buildings also often mean extremely high implementation difficulties.
The roof and supporting structure of Daxing are all made of irregularly shaped steel structure with a maximum diameter of more than 1,100 meters and a total projected area of 360,000 square meters. Its structural force is highly nonlinear, and the forces under earthquake and strong wind are very different from ordinary building structures.
The steel structure roof truss is generally radial. In the central hall of the structure, there are 6 sets of C-shaped columns, forming a column-free space of 180 meters in diameter.
These C-pillars, unlike ordinary straight-type columns, are part of a roof steel frame that is encrypted and deformed to form a column that provides vertical support and stiffness against lateral seismic forces. These C-shaped columns vary in shape and height differences, which affect the overall seismic resistance of the structure and its ability to resist collapse.
Therefore, in the seismic design, the engineers specially designed the seismic force of each angle of each C-shaped column according to the specific force of the C-shaped column to ensure the foolproof.
The roof of the terminal building is an irregular free-form surface, and the main body is a grid structure in which round steel pipe members are connected to each other. The nodes of the steel structure grid are the key parts of force transmission and conversion, usually welded balls or cast steel nodes.
During the construction process, if the connection between the rods and the joints is deviated, a large internal stress will be generated in the structure, so that the structural stress state after the completion of the construction is inconsistent with the design expectation. In operation, the engineers used local thickening components as well as segmented construction, step-by-step unloading, etc., effectively avoiding extra stress and excessive pulling force inside the structure.
As an important project, the new airport's terminal building's steel frame not only displays high standard mechanical design, it also has a seismic capacity of up to 8 degrees, adopts both a seismic isolation design on the top of the basement and the design concept of “softness” that can withstand an earthquake.
The isolation layer is composed of a lead-core isolation bearing, a common rubber isolation bearing, an elastic skateboard support and a damper. By setting such a layer with a low rigidity, the seismic isolation layer can be greatly moved or deformed at the time of the earthquake, and the seismic force can be prevented from being damaged by the upper structure, and the seismic force can be eliminated by the damping of the isolation layer. It not only increases the weight and cost of building components, but also effectively improves the building's seismic capacity.
The environmental protection design of the new airport is equally remarkable.
Unlike the Capital Airport built decades ago, in addition to solving technical problems, Daxing must overcome harsh environmental situations.
Compared with the general construction projects, the airport has a much larger footprint, so the soil erosion caused by the excavation and pile mat areas is the most significant challenge faced by the construction of the new airport terminal.
The ecological environment in northern China, especially around Beijing, is extremely fragile, with extreme shortages of water resources and serious soil erosion. The new airport covers an area of 29.43 square kilometers, and the amount of earth and stone excavation reaches 39.35 million cubic meters, which is 10 times larger than that of a general airport. Under the erosive force of rainfall and wind, a large amount of soil erosion is easy to occur.
At the airport's hardened site, 90% of the water is drained along the surface. It is estimated that after the completion of the project, the newly added displacement of the airport will reach 3.05 million cubic meters per year, which will increase the flood discharge pressure of the downstream river. Therefore, engineers are considering how to use the rainwater in the airport to export and “turn waste into treasure” and use it.
In conjunction with the Beijing New Airport, a rainwater storage facility with a volume of 1.65 million cubic meters was built, which far exceeds the 6.776 million cubic meters specified by the national standard.
The rainfall received at the airport is first transferred to the storage facility through the rainwater harvesting system located at the airport, and then transported to a unified processing center for processing and reuse. Even in the case of catastrophic rainfall, large-scale rainwater storage facilities can store most of them for later processing, so that the surface has only a small part of runoff and will not affect the environment.
After the rainwater recovered by the rain collecting device is treated, the quality is equivalent to “middle water”. Although it is not drinkable, it can be used for water surface landscape, airport vegetation greening, runway pavement, ground washing, car washing and sanitary facilities.
In addition, the green space in the airport's work area and cargo area is also hidden. These green spaces are recessed, about 10 cm below the road surface, allowing the rain on the road to quickly merge into the green space. In the vicinity of the airport building, it is also possible to facilitate the infiltration of rainwater through the surface by laying permeable bricks.
These infiltrated rainwater is stored in the buried water storage module to supplement the water system or green space irrigation. Only these recessed types can store 130,000 tons of rainwater, containing a volume equivalent to five years of heavy rain.
As the construction of the airport will seriously damage the already fragile surface vegetation in the North China Plain, occupying and destroying a large number of cultivated land, garden land and forest land, the airport construction management has preventive measures against severe erosion.
During the construction of the new airport in Beijing, the soil with certain fertility in the occupied cultivated land was collected, and they were not simply discarded, but temporarily retained. After the construction of the airport is completed, the temporarily occupied land during the construction period is released, and the soil can be re-paved to rebuild the vegetation ecosystem. The entire project has protected a total of 7.13 million cubic meters of topsoil resources.
Not only the airport area itself, but also the huge project like Beijing New Airport, the entire surrounding area should be regarded as a whole, taking into account the surrounding ecological security pattern.
The new airport is adjacent to the Yongding River Reserve, where protected animals such as the great egrets and mallards thrive. In line with the principle of occupation and compensation and the principle of ecological restoration, each new land occupied by Daxing must repair the same amount of corresponding ecological land. After restoration, it must restore its original ecological functions.
After the completion of the construction of Beijing Daxing International Airport, Beijing will become the second city in China to face the challenge of “one city and two airports” after Shanghai. This is also the inevitable result of the development of big cities.
Daxing will co-exist with Beijing Capital International Airport. In the future, it is expected to be mainly responsible for long-distance foreign routes, achieving a perfect division of labour with Beijing Capital, turning flight delays into history.
/ KUCINTA SETIA
Distributed to All Press & Travel Professionals
The terminal building of Beijing Daxing International Airport is a radial hexagonal star, which can provide the maximum number of close-up positions, so that it takes no more than 8 minutes for passengers to walk to any gate. The roof of the terminal building is an irregular free-form surface, which is extremely difficult to implement and requires the design of a special seismic structure. In addition, in order to protect the fragile ecology around Beijing, the environmental design of the new airport is also ingenious.
Recently, the name of Beijing New Airport, which has been planned for more than three years, was named as “Beijing Daxing International Airport” or simply Daxing. It can be said that this airport has attracted great attention since its construction. After its completion, the world’s largest airport terminal can accommodate 45 million passengers per year, and instantly increase the capacity of civil aviation passengers in Beijing by 50%. There will no longer be serious air traffic congestion in this airport.
In addition, the airport has reserved a passenger throughput of 130 million passengers by 2050, far more than the current Capital International Airport, which can be called a real "100-year plan". Let's take a look at the special features of this airport.
The terminal of the new airport is a radial hexagonal star. One of the angles is the passage outside the airport known as finger pier. The other five finger piers are in the terminal. The 82 gates are arranged along each side of the finger pier.
This style looks arrogant, but it is not flashy. It maximizes the perimeter of the terminal and provides the maximum number of close-ups to optimize airport operations. It takes no more than 8 minutes for passengers to walk from the center of the terminal to any of the gates.
In terms of the configuration of the runway of the aircraft, a total of four runways were constructed at the beginning of the new airport, and the three-vertical and one-horizon "omnidirectional" configuration was adopted, which is the first time in China.
This configuration is suitable for the air operation characteristics of Beijing and Tianjin, providing a variety of feasible solutions for air traffic control, maximizing the use of tight airspace resources in Beijing and reducing aircraft ground taxiing time. It is opposite to the existing capital international airport, and it is far away from each other, which can minimize mutual interference and achieve airspace optimization.
More than just the layout of the aircraft, Daxing will also be integrated into a multi-vehicle transfer hub, including roads, high-speed rail, public transport, and a fast subway with a speed of up to 120 kilometres.
A passenger landing at Daxing can reach the centre of Beijing in less than half an hour and reach any city in the south-central part of Hebei Province within 2 hours. It can be said that Daxing has perfect facilities on an intelligent layout to become a transportation hub serving Hebei Province.
Daxing has a joint parking building consisting of eight separate parking buildings, which realizes multiple entrances and multiple exits of the parking building, ensuring that the vehicles can quickly enter and exit the parking building. At the same time, the layout of the traffic lanes can realize the usage probability of each parking space of the parking building equally.
In the parking building, passengers have a special sidewalk from the elevator to each parking space. In the parking building, the sidewalk is completely separated from the lane, and there is no crossover and mutual interference.
Built of steel frame trusses with extremely high difficulty, Beijing Daxing International Airport has specially designed earthquake-resistant structures.
New and powerful buildings also often mean extremely high implementation difficulties.
The roof and supporting structure of Daxing are all made of irregularly shaped steel structure with a maximum diameter of more than 1,100 meters and a total projected area of 360,000 square meters. Its structural force is highly nonlinear, and the forces under earthquake and strong wind are very different from ordinary building structures.
The steel structure roof truss is generally radial. In the central hall of the structure, there are 6 sets of C-shaped columns, forming a column-free space of 180 meters in diameter.
These C-pillars, unlike ordinary straight-type columns, are part of a roof steel frame that is encrypted and deformed to form a column that provides vertical support and stiffness against lateral seismic forces. These C-shaped columns vary in shape and height differences, which affect the overall seismic resistance of the structure and its ability to resist collapse.
Therefore, in the seismic design, the engineers specially designed the seismic force of each angle of each C-shaped column according to the specific force of the C-shaped column to ensure the foolproof.
The roof of the terminal building is an irregular free-form surface, and the main body is a grid structure in which round steel pipe members are connected to each other. The nodes of the steel structure grid are the key parts of force transmission and conversion, usually welded balls or cast steel nodes.
During the construction process, if the connection between the rods and the joints is deviated, a large internal stress will be generated in the structure, so that the structural stress state after the completion of the construction is inconsistent with the design expectation. In operation, the engineers used local thickening components as well as segmented construction, step-by-step unloading, etc., effectively avoiding extra stress and excessive pulling force inside the structure.
As an important project, the new airport's terminal building's steel frame not only displays high standard mechanical design, it also has a seismic capacity of up to 8 degrees, adopts both a seismic isolation design on the top of the basement and the design concept of “softness” that can withstand an earthquake.
The isolation layer is composed of a lead-core isolation bearing, a common rubber isolation bearing, an elastic skateboard support and a damper. By setting such a layer with a low rigidity, the seismic isolation layer can be greatly moved or deformed at the time of the earthquake, and the seismic force can be prevented from being damaged by the upper structure, and the seismic force can be eliminated by the damping of the isolation layer. It not only increases the weight and cost of building components, but also effectively improves the building's seismic capacity.
The environmental protection design of the new airport is equally remarkable.
Unlike the Capital Airport built decades ago, in addition to solving technical problems, Daxing must overcome harsh environmental situations.
Compared with the general construction projects, the airport has a much larger footprint, so the soil erosion caused by the excavation and pile mat areas is the most significant challenge faced by the construction of the new airport terminal.
The ecological environment in northern China, especially around Beijing, is extremely fragile, with extreme shortages of water resources and serious soil erosion. The new airport covers an area of 29.43 square kilometers, and the amount of earth and stone excavation reaches 39.35 million cubic meters, which is 10 times larger than that of a general airport. Under the erosive force of rainfall and wind, a large amount of soil erosion is easy to occur.
At the airport's hardened site, 90% of the water is drained along the surface. It is estimated that after the completion of the project, the newly added displacement of the airport will reach 3.05 million cubic meters per year, which will increase the flood discharge pressure of the downstream river. Therefore, engineers are considering how to use the rainwater in the airport to export and “turn waste into treasure” and use it.
In conjunction with the Beijing New Airport, a rainwater storage facility with a volume of 1.65 million cubic meters was built, which far exceeds the 6.776 million cubic meters specified by the national standard.
The rainfall received at the airport is first transferred to the storage facility through the rainwater harvesting system located at the airport, and then transported to a unified processing center for processing and reuse. Even in the case of catastrophic rainfall, large-scale rainwater storage facilities can store most of them for later processing, so that the surface has only a small part of runoff and will not affect the environment.
After the rainwater recovered by the rain collecting device is treated, the quality is equivalent to “middle water”. Although it is not drinkable, it can be used for water surface landscape, airport vegetation greening, runway pavement, ground washing, car washing and sanitary facilities.
In addition, the green space in the airport's work area and cargo area is also hidden. These green spaces are recessed, about 10 cm below the road surface, allowing the rain on the road to quickly merge into the green space. In the vicinity of the airport building, it is also possible to facilitate the infiltration of rainwater through the surface by laying permeable bricks.
These infiltrated rainwater is stored in the buried water storage module to supplement the water system or green space irrigation. Only these recessed types can store 130,000 tons of rainwater, containing a volume equivalent to five years of heavy rain.
As the construction of the airport will seriously damage the already fragile surface vegetation in the North China Plain, occupying and destroying a large number of cultivated land, garden land and forest land, the airport construction management has preventive measures against severe erosion.
During the construction of the new airport in Beijing, the soil with certain fertility in the occupied cultivated land was collected, and they were not simply discarded, but temporarily retained. After the construction of the airport is completed, the temporarily occupied land during the construction period is released, and the soil can be re-paved to rebuild the vegetation ecosystem. The entire project has protected a total of 7.13 million cubic meters of topsoil resources.
Not only the airport area itself, but also the huge project like Beijing New Airport, the entire surrounding area should be regarded as a whole, taking into account the surrounding ecological security pattern.
The new airport is adjacent to the Yongding River Reserve, where protected animals such as the great egrets and mallards thrive. In line with the principle of occupation and compensation and the principle of ecological restoration, each new land occupied by Daxing must repair the same amount of corresponding ecological land. After restoration, it must restore its original ecological functions.
After the completion of the construction of Beijing Daxing International Airport, Beijing will become the second city in China to face the challenge of “one city and two airports” after Shanghai. This is also the inevitable result of the development of big cities.
Daxing will co-exist with Beijing Capital International Airport. In the future, it is expected to be mainly responsible for long-distance foreign routes, achieving a perfect division of labour with Beijing Capital, turning flight delays into history.
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